{"id":15974,"date":"2026-08-10T03:10:44","date_gmt":"2026-08-10T03:10:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hawardrazor.com\/?p=15974"},"modified":"2026-08-10T03:10:46","modified_gmt":"2026-08-10T03:10:46","slug":"when-the-lowest-razor-quote-becomes-the-highest-import-cost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hawardrazor.com\/ar\/when-the-lowest-razor-quote-becomes-the-highest-import-cost\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 EXW \u0648 FOB \u0648 DDP \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/td>\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u201cFOB \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u201cDDP \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u201d. \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 FOB \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0628\u0648\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0632\u00ae 2020<\/strong>, \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 DDP \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 EXW \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 FOB \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 HTS 8212<\/strong><\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629. \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d HS<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643<\/strong>, \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 remedy \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \/ GST \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u061b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 EXW \u0623\u0648 FOB \u0623\u0648 DDP. \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644<\/strong>, \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0622\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0634\u062d\u0646 DDP<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 DDP \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644<\/strong>, \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 GST \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f. \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629\u201d \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 DDP \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c, \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631<\/strong>, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632<\/strong>, \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 DDP\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 Incoterm \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a\u0647<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 EXW \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0630\u0648 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631. \u0644\u0623\u0646 EXW \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u060c, FCA<\/strong> \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u062a\u0638\u0644 FOB \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0640 FOB \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 FCA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2026 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 GRS<\/strong>, BRC<\/strong>, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629. GRS<\/strong>, \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u061b \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u0643\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629: \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u201c\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0632\u00ae 2020.\u201d \u0623\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0629. \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c OEM \u0623\u0648 ODM \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629\u060c tolerances \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634\u060c \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/strong>, \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong>, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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